Two days, 3 hours each day
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Supporting materials and assignments:
http://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/misc/201209-Mallorca/

Day 1: Energy balance and ocean

(1) Energy balance and climate bifurcations, Snowball Earth

    1.1 Energy balance (energy-balance.ppt)
    1.2 energy balance model, solutions, graphic method stability
        (energy_balance_0d.pdf) 
    1.3 saddle node bifurcation (lecture_02_bif1d1.pdf), two saddle
        nodes & hysteresis.
    1.4 snowball earth (Boyle-snowball-MIT12.842-abbreviated.pdf)
    Assignment: question 1

(2) Ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC)/ thermohaline
    circulation (THC) 

    2.1 Motivation 
        (from EPS131: 1a-THC-belt.jpeg
     	 1c-THC-cfc-animation-horizontal.gif
     	 1d-THC-cfc-animation-vertical.mpg
     	 1e-YouTube - The Day After Tomorrow.webloc
     	 1g-Surface_air-T_deviations-from-zonal-mean-Rahmstrof.jpg)
    2.2 Stommel 1961 model, bifurcations, multiple equilibria, hysteresis
        (from EPS131: 3-notes-THC-Stommel-model.pdf
 	 1h-vellinga-wood-THC-collapse-Hadley-model.pdf
 	 4b-Rahmstorf-et-al-2005-Stommel-bifurcation-GCM-intercomparison.pdf
         6c-THC-in-global-warming-Bryden_etal_2005.pdf)
    2.3 THC variability
	motivation: present day and past climate variability 
        (from EPS131: 2a-rapid_transports2.png
         little ice age: slide #33, EPS-131-lecture-01-intro-2-phys-oceanogr.pptx)
	non-normal transient growth, optimal i.c.
	non normal excitation of THC variability
        (slides #2,3,5,6,7,9 from nonormal_THC_short.pdf)
    2.3 THC during Snowball Earth events
    Assignment: question 2

Day 2: Atmosphere

(3) Atmospheric superrotation and permanent El Nino

     3.1 Pliocene intro (slides)
     3.2 vorticity, solid body rotation, planetary vs relative
     	 vorticity, Coriolis parameter, beta plane, Rossby waves
     	 heuristic based on propagation of highs and lows on a beta
     	 plane, group & phase velocities (ripples animation),
     	 teleconnections via R.W (Shaman paper);
     	 [quasi-geostrophy-didn't cover eventually, see
     	 notes-shallow-water-quasigeostrophy.pdf] ,
     3.2 atmospheric superrotation: momentum flux u'v' vs energy flux
     	 c_g for Rossby waves. 
     3.3 permanent El Nino in the Pliocene (2-5 Myr, and in the
         future?)  (slides) 
     Assignment: question 3

(4) Convection, clouds, radiation and equable climate

     4.1 Arctic cloud feedback, multiple equilibria, warm climate of
        the Eocene (50 Million years ago) and relevance to global
        warming.  (slides)
     4.2 time permitting: simple convection model
     Assignment: question 4